खुमल बासमती–१६ जातको धान खेती प्रविधि

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wfg g]kfnsf] k|d'v vfBfGg afnL xf] . o;sf] v]tL t/fO{ b]lv pRr lxdfn ;Dd ul/G5 . g]kfnL hghLjgdf wfg / To;af6 ag]sf] rfdn ljleGg rf8kj{ nufot hGd b]lv d[To' ;+:sf/;Dd k|of]u ul/G5 . To;sf/0f wfg g]kfnL hghLjgdf cleGg aGg k'u]sf] 5 . wfgn] g]kfnsf] s'n s[lif u|fxf:y pTkfbgdf !% Ü / s'n u|fxf:y pTkfbgdf % Ü n] of]ubfg k'of{Psf] 5 . g]kfndf cGgafnLn] 9fs]sf] s'n If]qkmnsf] sl/a $# k|ltztdf wfg v]tL x'g] u/]sf] / cGgafnLsf] s'n pTkfbgdf %# k|ltzt wfgsf] lx:;f /x]sf] 5 . b]zsf] sl/a ## Ü hg;+Vofsf] Sofnf]/L rfdnaf6 pknAw x'G5 . wfgaf6 rfdn agfpbf To;af6 lg:s]sf] 9'6f] kz'kfngdf k|d'v cfxf/sf] ?kdf k|of]u ul/G5 eg] k/fn / e'; s'v'/fkfngdf pkof]u ul/G5 . k/fn ufO{ e};LnfO{ v'jfpg klg k|of]u ul/G5 . o;sf] cnfjf ljleGg j:t' h:t} u'G›L, lksf{ tyf ;fdfGo af/ aGb]h OTofbL agfpg k|of]u ul/g'sf ;fy} Rofp v]tLsf nflu ;d]t pkof]u ul/G5 .  

s[lif tyf kz'kIfL ljsfz dGqfnosf cg';f/ cf= j= @)*)÷*! df s'n If]qkmn !$,#*,(*( x]S6/df wfg v]lt ul/Psf] lyof] h;af6 %&,@$,@#$ d]l6«s 6g wfg pTkfbg eof] / o;sf] pTkfbsTj #=( d]l6«s 6g k|lt x]S6/ /x]sf] lyof] . To;}ul/ g]kfndf wfg pTkfbg ul/g] s'n If]qkmnsf] lx;fan] t/fO{n] &! Ü, kxf8n] @% Ü / lxdfnn] $ Ü hUuf cf]u6]sf] 5 . wfg v]tL x'g] s'n If]qkmnsf] sl/a !)–!@ Ü hUufdf dl;gf] tyf jf:gfbf/ wfgsf] v]tL x'g] u/]sf] tYof+s 5 . dl;gf] tyf jf:gfbf/ wfg v]tLsf nflu dWo kxf8sf] jftfj/0f cg's'n dflgG5 . kxf8L If]qdf wfg k|ltli7t afnLsf] ?kdf lnlog] ePsf]n] ;/sf/n] ;d]t o;nfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fv]sf] 5 .

wfg v]tL k/fk'j{ sfn b]lv ul/b} cfP klg la= ;= @)@( ;fn b]lv o; afnLsf] cg';Gwfg sfo{sf] cf}krfl/s ;'?cft ePsf] b]lvG5 . xfn t/fO{sf] nflu /fli6«o wfgafnL cg';Gwfg sfo{qmd xlb{gfy, wg'iff / kxf8 tyf pRr kxf8sf] nflu /fli6«o jfnL k|hgg tyf cfg'j+lzs cg';Gwfg s]G› v'dn6f/, nlntk'/af6 hftLo cg';Gwfg tyf ljsfz sfo{ ;+rfng x'b} cfPsf] 5 . xfn ;Dd dWo kxf8sf] nflu @! j6f / pRr kxf8sf] nflu & j6f hftx? pGdf]rg ePsf 5g\ .

wfgafnLsf] hftLo ljsf; / kl/If0f ug]{ qmddf dWo kxf8L -&))–!%)) dL6/_ If]qsf] l;+lrt wfg v]tsf nflu gof hft v'dn af;dtL–!^ ljsfz ul/Psf] 5 . v'dn af;dtL–!^ dWo kxf8L If]qsf] nflu k|yd jf:gfbf/ hftsf] wfg xf], To;sf/0f o;sf] Pltxfl;s ul/df 5 . oL hftsf ljz]iftfx? lgDg cg';f/ 5g . 

v'dn af;dtL–!^

v'dn–$ eGbf !) lbg rf+8f] kfSg] kfSg], g9Ng], a9L uf+h xfNg], a9L rfdn kg]{, dl;gf], jf:gfbf/ / :jflbnf] 5 . k|rlnt v'dn–$ h:t} ljz]iftfx? ePsf] t/ cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf o;df vf;} s'g} /f]u / ls/f nfu]sf] b]lvPsf] 5}g . v'dn af;dtL–!^ sf] rfdn jf;gfbf/ x'g'sf] k|d'v sf/0f To;df ePsf] @–acetyl–!–pyrroline gfds /;fog xf] .

                                                      
                                                     खुमल बासमती–१६ जातको धान

xfjfkfgL

v'dn af;dtL–!^ nfO{ k'j{ d]rL b]lv klZrd dxfsfnLsf &)) b]lv !%)) dL6/ ;Ddsf dWo kxf8L If]qsf] nflu l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . af;dtL v]tLsf] nflu rflxg] tfkqmd / k|sfzsf] ;d'lrt dfqf dWo kxf8df ;Gt'lnt /xg] ePsfn] To; 7fpFaf6 pAhfO{Psf] wfgdf u'0f:t/ sfod /xG5 .  

df6f] / hldg

oL wfgsf] hftn] cl;l~rt hUufdf eGbf l;+lrt hUufdf a9L pTkfbg lbPsf] kfOPsf] 5 . /fd|f] pj{/fzlQm ePsf] v]t cyjf l;+lrt v]tdf a9L dfqfdf /f;folgs / pj{/f zlQmo'Qm dnsf] k|of]u u/]df wfg a9L kmNg] ;Defjgf x'G5 . To;sf/0f oL hftx? nfO{ dWod b]lv pRr pj{/f zlQm ePsf] l;+lrt hUufdf nufpbf a9L kmfObfhgs x'g ;S5 . af;dtL v]tLsf] nflu hUufsf] 5gf}6 ubf{ xNsf anf}6] jf bf]d6 df6f] ePsf] v]t 5fGg' k5{ .  o;n] ubf{ rfdnsf] g};lu{s jf;gf sfod /xG5 . df6f]sf] lk Pr sf] dfqf %=% b]lv ^=% ;Dd x'g'k5{ . 

lapsf] 5gf]6

pRr u'0f:t/sf] z'4 / k|dfl0fs pGgt jf xfO{la|8 lap k|of]u u/]df wfgsf] pTkfbg ;/bf/df @)–@% Ü n] a9\g ;S5 . To;sf/0f hlxn] klg ;lx / k|dfl0ft :yfgaf6 lap Nofpg ;Sg' k5{ . lap lnbf s'g hft sf] lap xf] elg ls6fg ug{ 6\ofu lng' k5{ jf x]g{' k5{ . lap 5fGbf :j:y, kf]l6nf], rlDsnf] / *) Ü eGbf a9L pdf/ zlQm ePsf] lap k|of]u ug{' k5{ . Psgf;n] lap pld|of]; egL lapnfO{ #–% ln6/ kfgLdf xfNg] / s]lx l5g kv{g], :j:y / kf]l6nf] bfgf lk+wdf uP/ a:5 eg] sd;n bfgf kfgLdf t}l/G5. o;/L sd;n bfgfnfO{ 5fg]/ x6fpg] / :j:y bfgf lapsf] ?kdf k|of]u ug]{ ug{' k5{ . 

lapsf] pkrf/

:jf:Yo / /f]u /lxt wfg pTkfbgsf] nflu wfgsf] lapnfO{ clgjfo{ ?kn] pkrf/ ug{' k5{ . v]tdf lap 5g{' eGbf klxn] wfgsf] lapnfO{ j]lj;l6g -Carbendazim %) Ü WP_ jf d+sf]h]a -Mancozeb_ ljiffbL @=%–# u|fd k|lt lsnf]u|fd wfgsf] b/n] /fd|/L rnfP/ ld;fpg] / xfjf gl5g]{ ef8Þf] jf af]/fdf /fVg' k5{ . o;/L pkrf/ u/]sf] $–% lbg kl5 Aof8df lap 5g{' k5{ .

lapb/ M @=% b]lv # lsnf]u|fd k|lt /f]kgL cyjf $) s]= hL= k|lt x]S6/

Jof8 /fVg] ;do

dWo kxf8L If]qsf] nflu h]7sf] klxnf] xKtfdf Jof8 /fVg' pko'Qm b]lvG5 eg] ;f] eGbf tNnf] If]q 6f/ a];L lt/ h]7sf] clGtd xKtf;Dd Jof8 /fVg ;lsG5 . cfˆgf] cg's'ntf cg';f/ lxn] jf w'n] Jof8 /fVg ;lsG5 . t/ w'n] Jof8df a]gf{ :j:y x'g] / l56f] a9\g] b]lvG5. d?jf -Jnf:6_ /f]u nfUg] 7fpdf lxn] Jof8 /fVg' pko'Qm x'G5 .  

hUufsf] tof/L

lapsf] nflu Jof8 /fVg] hUuf k"0f{ ?kdf ldn]sf], ;Dd k/]sf], l;rfO{ / kfgL lgsf;sf] plrt Joj:yf ePsf] x'g' k5{ .  hUuf 5fGbf pj{/ df6f] ePsf] emf/kft /lxt x'g' k5{ .  klxnf] hf]tfO{ Ps dlxgf klxn] ug]{ / Tolx a]nf s'x]sf] sDkf]:6 dn df6f]df /fd|/L ldnfpg ]. lap 5g{' eGbf %–& lbg klxn] Jof8df l;rfO{ ug]{ jf kfgL 5g]{ h;n] ubf{ k'/fgf afnLsf 7'6f, h/f tyf emf/kftx? s'lxG5 / df6f] dlnnf] agfp5 . To;kl5 cfj:os dfqfdf /;folgs dn kgL df6f]df ldnfpg] . o;}u/L wfg /f]Kg' eGbf cuf8L df6f]nfO{ lxNofpg], bfb] nfpg] / emf/kft cflbnfO{ lxnf]df k'l/g] ul/ /fd|/L ;dofpg' k5{ . Jof8sf] hUuf tof/L u/] h:t} wfg /f]Kg] v]tsf] hUuf kgL tof/L ug{'k5{ .

a]gf{sf] pd]/, /f]Kg] ;do / tl/sf

wfg /f]Kg @)–@% lbgsf] a]gf{ pko'Qm dflgG5 . o;/L sd pd]/sf] a]gf{ /f]Kbf wfgdf a9L ufh cfp5 / pTkfbg a9\5 . a]gf{ pv]Ng' eGbf !–@ lbg cufj} Jof8df l;rfO{ lbPdf a]gf{sf] h/f pv]Ng ;lhnf] x'g], tyf a]gf{sf] h/f lrl8o]/ hfb}g . a]gf{ pv]n]/ ;s];Dd rf8} /f]Kg'k5{ / /f]kfO{ ubf{ @–# j6f a]gf{ @–# ;]= dL= ulx/fO{ ;Dd /f]Kg' k5{ . a]gf{ /f]Kbf xf/ b]lv xf/ / af]6 b]lv af]6sf] b'/L @) र !% ;]= dL= x'g'k5{ . 

dnvfb Joj:yfkg

dnvfb Joj:yfkgsf] xsdf dWo / pRr kxf8L If]qsf] nflu १०)M#)M#) s]= hL=÷x]S6/ gfO{6«f]hg, kmf]:kmf]/; / kf]6f; /;folgs dn l;kmfl/; ul/Psf] 5 . wfg v]t tof/L ug{sf] nflu klxnf] hf]tfO{ cuf8L /fd|/L kfs]sf] sDkf]:6 dn *–!) 8f]sf] k|lt /f]kgLsf] b/n] /fVg' k5{ . ;fy} wfg /f]Kg] a]nfdf afp;] ul/ ;s]kl5 l8= P= kL= $=% / kf]6f; @=% lsnf] k|lt /f]kgLsf b/n] hldgdf Psgf; kg]{ ul/ 5g{' k5{ .  o;/L wfg /f]k]sf] @%–#) lbg / ^)–^% lbgdf k|To]s k6s uf]8d]n ul/ ;s]k5L @ s]= hL= o'l/of k|lt /f]kgLsf b/n] 6k 8«]; ug{' k5{ .  o;/L /f;folgs dn k|of]u ul/ ;s]kl5 @$ 306f;Dd v]t af6 kfgL au]/ hfg lbg' x'b}g. wfgsf] af]6df km"n nfUg ;'? ePk5L jf wfgdf bfgf nfUg ;'? ePsf] a]nf !– !=% lsnf] kf]6f; k|lt /f]kgLsf b/n] v]tdf 5/]df wfgsf] afnf :j:y x'g], kf]l6nf] x'g] / To;df rds cfpg] x'G5 .     

uf]8d]n

wfg /f]lk;s]kl5 cgfj:os emf/kft x6fpg / :j:y af]6 sfod /fVgsf nflu uf]8d]n ug{ clt cfj:os 5 . To;sf/0f wfg /f]k]sf] @%–#) lbgdf / %)–^) lbgdf ul/ b'O k6s wfg v]tdf cfPsf emf/kft lgsfnL lbg' k5{ . v]tdf sfd ug]{ JolQmsf] sld 5 eg] To:tf] a]nf emf/gf;s ljiffbLsf] k|of]u ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L wfg /f]k]sf] $–% lbgdf a'6fSnf]/ gfds ljiffbL !=@% lsnf] k|lt /f]kgL jf 6k–:6f/ @!) u|fd k|lt x]S6/sf b/n] ;a} v]tdf kg]{ ul/ 5g{'k5{ . emf/gf;s ljiffbL k|of]u ubf{ v]tdf l5kl5k] kfgL x'g' k5{ . 

l;rfO{ Joj:yfkg

wfgv]tLsf] nflu kfgL cTofj:os x'G5 . To;sf/0f wfg /f]k]sf] #–$ lbg kl5 !%–@) lbg ;Dd #–% ;]= dL= / wfg kfSg' eGbf !%–@) lbg cufl8;Dd %–& ;]= dL= ;Dd kfgL v]tdf hdfpg' k5{ . o;/L v]tdf kfgL hdfO{ /fVbf emf/kftsf] k|sf]k sd x'g hfG5 . af;dtL wfgsf] ;Gbe{df wfgsf] afnf kfSg nfUg' eGbf cuf8L g} v]taf6 k"0f{ ?kdf kfgLsf] lgsf; u/]df To;sf] rfdndf jf;gfsf] dfqf a9]sf] kfOPsf] 5 . v]tdf l;rfO{ / lgsf;sf] /fd|f] Joj:yf ePsf] cj:yfdf *–!) lbgsf] cGt/df kfgL hdfpg] / ;'sfpg] u/]df wfgsf] pTkfbgdf j[l4 ug{ ;lsG5 .    

/f]u ls/f Joj:yfkg

cg';Gwfgsf] qmddf v'dn af;dtL–!^ nfO b]zsf] ljleGg cg';Gwfg s]G›x?df /f]Kbf s'g} klg /f]u / ls/f nfu]sf] b]lvPg . To;sf/0f oL jf:gfbf/ hftnfO{ b]z el/sf ;Dk"0f{ dWo kxf8L -&))–!%)) ld6/_ e"efudf nufpg ;lsG5 t/ df};dsf] k|lts'ntf / 7fpF ljz]ifdf sfnf] kf]s] -false smut_ /f]u nfUg ;Sg] ;Defjgf ePsfn] Jof8 /fVg' cuf8L g} lapnfO Carbendazim @=% u|fd k|lt lsnf]sf b/n] pkrf/ u/]sf] v08df pkrfl/t lapn] /f]u nfUgaf6 arfp5 . To;k5L sk/ clS;Snf]/fO8 -copper oxychloride_ @=% u|fd k|lt ln6/ kfgL jf Propiconazole/Hexaconazole ! ldlnln6/ k|lt ln6/ kfgLdf ldnfO{ wfg kf]6fpg] a]nf / b'w] wfg x'g] a]nf ul/ b'O k6s ljiffbL 5/]df sfnf] kf]s] /f]u k"0f{ ?kdf lgoGq0f x'G5 . h'g;'s} ljiffbL 5bf{ hlxn] klg kfgL gk/]sf], wfgsf] kftdf lzt cf]efPsf], xfjf grn]sf] / kfl/nf] 3fd ePsf] lbgdf 5g{' k5{ . 

afnL leTof{pg] / pTkfbg lng]

v'dn af;dtL–!^ hftsf] wfg Jof8 /fv]sf] sl/a !#) b]lv !#% lbgsf] cjlwdf kfSg] u5{ . o;/L wfgsf] dflyNnf] kftx? kx]lng yfn]kl5 / *)–() Ü bfgf kx]lnP kl5 wfg sf6\g ;lsG5 . wfg sf6]/ !–@ lbg ;Dd v]t d} ;'sfPdf emfg{ ;lhnf] x'G5 . k]8n y|];/sf] k|of]u u/]sf] v08df wfg emfg{ emg\ ;lhnf] x'G5 . wfg emf/L ;s] kl5 #–$ lbg 3fddf ;'sfpg] / s]nfP/ e08f/0f ug{'k5{ . /fd|/L g ;'s]sf] wfg e08f/0f u/]df s'lxg], ls/f nfUg] / rfdn 6'lqmg] 8/ x'G5. v'dn af;dtL–!^ sf] ;/bf/ pTkfbg Ifdtf $@)) lsnf] k|lt x]S6/ kfOPsf] 5 . cyf{t\ v'dn af;dtL–!^ n] cf};tdf @!) lsnf] k|lt /f]kgL pTkfbg lbG5 .    

lap Joj:yfkg

wfg :j;]lrt afnL ePsf] ePsf], / v'dn af;dtL–!^ wfgsf pGgt hft ePsf]n] lap k|fljlwssf] ;Nnfx lnP/ ls;fgn] cfˆg} v]tdf csf]{ jif{sf] nflu lap pTkfbg ug{ ;S5 . o;/L s[ifsn] cfˆg} v]taf6 pTkflbt wfgsf] lap /fVg' kbf{ oL @ tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug{ ;S5g . 

!_       uxf]{ jf Knf]6 5gf}6 u/]/

cfkm'nfO{ rflxg] hlt lap pTkfbg ug{ hlxn] kgL k|dfl0ft lap jf 6\ofu ePsf] lap dfq 5fGg'k5{ . To;k5L ;Dd k/]sf], /fd|f] dnhn k'u]sf], l;rfO{ / lgsf;sf] Joj:yf ePsf] v]t÷uxf]{÷Knf]6 5fGg' k5{ . v8f afnL 5fGbf af]6sf] prfO{ Psgf; ePsf], af]6 cUnf] xf]rf] gePsf] / /f]u ls/f gnfu]sf] ufxf]{÷Knf]6 5gf}6 ug{' k5{ . 5flgPsf ufx|f]÷Knf]6df b]lvPsf gfaf] jf a]hftLo af]6, /f]u jf ls/f nfu]sf af]6x?nfO{ x6fpg] / afsL afnLnfO{ 5'6} sf6\g] / ;'sfpg] ug{'k5{ .    

@_ afnf aNofP/

o; ljlwdf cfkm'nfO{ rflxg] hlt lap k|fKt x'g] ul/ :j:y tyf ;dfg af]6sf /fd|/L kfs]sf ;a}eGbf pTs[:6 afnf aNofP/ klg z'4 lap pTkfbg ug{ ;lsG5 . o;/L 5flgPsf pTs[:6 lap ;lxtsf afnfx? nfO{ emf/L ;s]kl5 #–$ lbg 3fddf ;'sfO{ s]nfpg] . To;k5L oL lapx? nfO{ xfjf lgl5g]{ ef8f h:t} ;L8 lag, esf/L, 3ofDkf] cyjf af]/fdf /fVg'k5{ . o;/L wfg v]tLaf6 /fd|f] pTkfbg lngsf] nflu x/]s #–$ jif{df lap km]g{' kb{5 .    

लेखक: 8f pHHjn s'df/ l;+x s'zjfxf, gfs{–/fli6«o jfnL k|hgg tyf cfg'j+lzs cg';Gwfg s]G›, v'dn6f/ nlntk'/ 

खुमल बासमती–१६ जातको धान खेती प्रविधि k|ljlw

 

  



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